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                <time class="level-item has-text-grey" datetime="2019-10-04T12:17:24.000Z">2019-10-04</time>
                
                
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                Java中的对象锁(Monitor)
            
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            <h2 id="Java中的对象锁"><a href="#Java中的对象锁" class="headerlink" title="Java中的对象锁"></a>Java中的对象锁</h2><p>说到对象锁，要与之对比就不得不讲到类锁。在写单例模式的时候其实经常会用在双重校验锁中用到类锁，如下面的代码</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> ClassLock &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    priavte volatiled ClassLock classLock;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title">ClassLock</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// init</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125; </span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> ClassLock <span class="title">getInstance</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (classLock ==  <span class="keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (ClassLock.class) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (classLock == <span class="keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    classLock = <span class="keyword">new</span> ClassLock();</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> classLock;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以看到在上面的代码中我们是对一整个类进行加锁，包括直接在方法签名上使用synchronized关键字，这都是属于类锁的范畴。因为在调用一个类的实例的时候，当运行其中一个加锁的方法时，其他加锁的方法是不可以执行的。也就是说一个类其实只有一个类锁，它锁住的对象是一个类。但是对象锁不一样，一个类中可以有多个对象，也就是说对象锁在一个类的实例中不止一个, 而每个对象都可以成为一个Monitor。对象锁往往用于多个线程之间的协作，与之配套的工具是synchronized，wait，notify，notifyAll。</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h2 id="各自作用"><a href="#各自作用" class="headerlink" title="各自作用"></a>各自作用</h2><ul>
<li>synchronized作用(这个其实已经说烂了，这里不多写)<ul>
<li>多用于多线程间的同步加锁操作</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>wait()的作用和注意点<ul>
<li>不同于Thread.currentThread.wait()的作用，这个wait()方法属于Object中的内容，同样notify，notifyAll也都是Object的内容。</li>
<li>wait()总是在一个可以跳出的循环中被调用，调用后它会一直挂起获取当前对象锁的线程，并释放对象锁。调用wait的线程也会被添加到对象的等待队列中。wait调用会一直持续到被同一个对象的notifyAll被调用唤醒或notify随机唤醒此线程。</li>
<li>wait()必须在synchronized同步块中使用，因为要使用对象的wait的方法，就必须先获得对象锁</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>notifyAll()与notify()<ul>
<li>notify就是随机选择对象等待队列中的某个线程，并将其添加到入口队列，处于入口队列中的线程就会竞争对象锁，获取对象锁的线程就会继续运行。</li>
<li>notifyAll()会添加所有等待队列中的线程到入口队列。相比来说notifyAll更加常用。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="例子"><a href="#例子" class="headerlink" title="例子"></a>例子</h2><p>下面的例子来自<a href="https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/building-h2o/">LeetCode 1117. H2O 生成</a>，题意可以点开来自己看题面，我使用Semaphore和对象锁都实现了一遍，然后模拟了整个过程——多个线程调用一个对象中的两个方法，一个方法打印H，一个方法打印O，两个方法中使用对象锁进行协调通信，达到输出HHO……的效果。代码如下</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> Lock;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">ObjectLock</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Runnable releaseO = () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.print(<span class="string">"O"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Runnable releaseH = () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.print(<span class="string">"H"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> H2O h2O = <span class="keyword">new</span> H2O();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> String inputStr = <span class="string">"OOHHHHOHH"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; inputStr.length(); i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="string">"O"</span>.equals(Character.toString(inputStr.charAt(i)))) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        h2O.oxygen(releaseO);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;).start();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="string">"H"</span>.equals(Character.toString(inputStr.charAt(i)))) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        h2O.hydrogen(releaseH);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;).start();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">H2O</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Object LOCK = <span class="keyword">new</span> Object();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> HCounter = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    H2O() &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">hydrogen</span><span class="params">(Runnable releaseHydrogen)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span>(LOCK)</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span>(HCounter &gt;= <span class="number">2</span>)</span><br><span class="line">            &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                LOCK.wait();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            releaseHydrogen.run();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">this</span>.HCounter++;</span><br><span class="line">            LOCK.notifyAll();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">oxygen</span><span class="params">(Runnable releaseOxygen)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span>(LOCK)</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span>(HCounter &lt; <span class="number">2</span>)</span><br><span class="line">            &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                LOCK.wait();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            releaseOxygen.run();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">this</span>.HCounter = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            LOCK.notifyAll();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


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